Landscape Design. Archive and notes for courses and research 08

Ornamental Horticuture Cuyamaca college fall 08 - just started -this is all under construction

Little beaver earth auger 9/3/08

Staking a tree 9/3/08

Digging and planting a hill on campus 9/3/08

September 10, 2008 Potting lillies irises and succulents

Branching and adventitious root formation

Apical dominance

Adventitious roots

see pg 145 Saprophytes (gr sapro = rotten, phyton = plant) Beneficial

Parasites (gr to eat at another's table)

Haustorium - extension of mycelium

Mistletoe, Witchweed

Angiosperms

Fungi

Bacteria

Supportive Roots

Buttress roots

Prop or Stilt roots

Climbing Structures

Twiners

Tendrils

Lianas

Epiphytes

Botany for Gardeners - Capon - notes, related info

Anatomy of a Tree

• The outer bark is the tree's protection from the outside world. Continually renewed from within, it helps keep out moisture in the rain, and prevents the tree from losing moisture when the air is dry. It insulates against cold and heat and wards off insect enemies.
• The inner bark, or "phloem", is pipeline through which food is passed to the rest of the tree. It lives for only a short time, then dies and turns to cork to become part of the protective outer bark.
• The cambium cell layer is the growing part of the trunk. It annually produces new bark and new wood in response to hormones that pass down through the phloem with food from the leaves. These hormones, called "auxins", stimulate growth in cells. Auxins are produced by leaf buds at the ends of branches as soon as they start growing in spring.
• Sapwood is the tree's pipeline for water moving up to the leaves. Sapwood is new wood. As newer rings of sapwood are laid down, inner cells lose their vitality and turn to heartwood.
• Heartwood is the central, supporting pillar of the tree. Although dead, it will not decay or lose strength while the outer layers are intact. A composite of hollow, needlelike cellulose fibers bound together by a chemical glue called lignin, it is in many ways as strong as steel. A piece 12" long and 1" by 2" in cross section set vertically can support a weight of 20 tons!

12 steps t0 planting a tree

1. Dig a hole twice as wide as the root ball and slightly shallower
2. Avoid the clay pot syndrome - score the sides
3. Be gentle but firm when removing the container
4. Check for and remove circling roots
5. Don't cover the root crown
6. Orient the tree
7. Site it upright
8. Give your soil a boost
9. Tamp the soil as you backfill
10. Get it wet - Build a temporary watering basin
11. Stake it well
12. Mulch

Mycorrhizae (gr mykos = fungus, rhiza = root)

Root nodules

Hormone (gr to excite)

Etiolation

Phototropism - controlling hormone auxin (gr to increase)

Stem internodes controlled by hormone gibberellin

Hormones and aging process

Senescence ripening, aging

Abscission

Apple peelings promote ripening through ethylene

Links

forums.gardenweb.com Freelance design work anyone? Forum

Plant pathology

Mitosis

Mitosis is the process by which a eukaryotic cell separates the chromosomes in its cell nucleus, into two identical sets in two daughter nuclei.

wikipedia.org/
mitosis.animation

Meristems: A meristem is a tissue in all plants consisting of undifferentiated cells (meristematic cells) and found in zones of the plant where growth can take place.

Meristematic tissue:

• Undifferentiated (no specialization)
• Juvenile
• Dividing

Apical meristems Meristems are classified by their location in the plant as apical (located at root and shoot tips), lateral (in the vascular and cork cambia), and intercalary (at internodes, or stem regions between the places at which leaves attach, and leaf bases, especially of certain monocotyledons—e.g., grasses).

General description Monocot vs Dicot

From Wiki

Roots: In vascular plants, the root is the organ of a plant body that typically lies below the surface of the soil. But, this is not always the case, since a root can also be aerial (that is, growing above the ground) or aerating (that is, growing up above the ground or especially above water).

Xylem: In vascular plants, xylem is one of the two types of transport tissue, phloem being the other. The word "xylem" is derived from classical Greek ξυλον (xylon), "wood", and indeed the best known xylem tissue is wood, though it is found throughout the plant. Its basic function is to transport water.

Phloem In vascular plants, phloem is the living tissue that carries organic nutrients (known as photosynthate), particularly sucrose, a sugar, to all parts of the plant where needed. In trees, the phloem is the innermost layer of the bark, hence the name, derived from the Greek word φλόος (phloos) "bark". The phloem is mainly concerned with the transport of soluble organic material made during photosynthesis. This is called translocation.

Growth movements

Geotropism - response to earth's gravitational field (pg 138 various tropisms)

Geotropism > seed germination

Nastic movemen (gr pressed close)

Tannin protect immature fruit against predators, then they convert to sugars which atract seed dispersing animals

Western Fertilizer Handbook - CFA